Despite concessions to business groups and other concessions, Pink Wave leaders from Lula to Maduro remain progressive. Those left-wing writers who called the leaders of the “pink tide” “betrayers” displayed a monochromatic worldview that was far removed from the ideas of Marx and Engels.
The following is an article I published in the Monthly Review in which I attempt to refute the idea that Gramsci’s concept of “passive revolution” applies to Latin America’s Pink Wave.
